Dog Seizures: Signs, Causes, and How to Help Dogs with Seizures

Knowing how to respond if your dog is having a seizure is vital to ensuring your Companion's well-being and safety. This article explains how to recognize signs, what causes seizures in dogs, and the steps you should take during and after an episode. We will also discuss treatment options and when to seek emergency care.

Key Takeaways

• Dog seizures stem from abnormal brain activity, leading to generalized or focal episodes that affect motor control and behavior.

• Recognizing seizure phases—pre-ictal, ictal, and post-ictal—is vital for timely intervention and effective care.

• Effective management includes understanding causes like idiopathic epilepsy, metabolic disorders, and head injuries and involves treatment options such as medications and lifestyle adjustments.

   

Understanding Dog Seizures

Dog seizures result from abnormal electrical activity in the dog's brain, leading to motor control and behavior disruptions. There are two main types of episodes. These include generalized seizures and grand mal seizures, as well as partial (focal) seizures. Generalized seizures affect the entire brain and body, while focal seizures are localized and may not result in a loss of consciousness. Additionally, a dog’s seizures can vary in frequency and severity, with some dogs experiencing more than one seizure, including severe seizures. A seizure disorder can significantly impact a dog’s quality of life.

During a generalized seizure, dogs often lose consciousness and exhibit symptoms such as rigidity, paddling movements, and altered perceptions. These episodes can be alarming and involve the dog’s entire body. In contrast, a focal seizure might only affect a specific area of the brain, causing localized symptoms without full-body involvement.

Differentiating between these seizure types helps Dog Parents communicate effectively with veterinarians and seek suitable treatments.

Recognizing Dog Seizure Symptoms

Timely intervention and management of dog seizures rely on recognizing their signs. Seizures usually progress through three phases: pre-ictal, ictal, and post-ictal. The pre-ictal phase, or aura, might include behavioral changes like restlessness, nervousness, or excessive salivation, lasting from seconds to hours.

During the ictal phase, the actual seizure occurs, and your dog may lose consciousness, experience muscle spasms, and exhibit involuntary movements. This phase can be distressing to witness, as the dog’s body may jerk uncontrollably, and they might appear unaware of their surroundings. It is important to avoid putting any object in the dog's mouth during a seizure to prevent accidental bites and ensure safety.

After the seizure, the post-ictal phase begins, where dogs often experience confusion, disorientation, and temporary blindness. The severity of this phase can vary, but it does not necessarily correlate with the length of the seizure itself.

Recognizing these phases and their symptoms can help you provide better care and support for your dog during and after a seizure.

Common Causes of Seizures in Dogs

Effective management and treatment of dog seizures depend on understanding their causes. Idiopathic epilepsy, with no identifiable cause, is the most common reason for seizures in dogs aged six months to six years, often requiring lifelong management and medication.

Metabolic disorders like low blood sugar levels can cause seizures in dogs. Liver disease and kidney diseases are also significant triggers. Monitoring your dog’s health and addressing underlying issues can help manage seizures and prevent the decline of your Companion's health.

Older dogs are more susceptible to seizures due to autoimmune conditions, tumors, or vascular incidents. Brain tumors, in particular, are a critical underlying factor in canine seizures, especially in older dogs. In younger dogs, seizures can result from infections, congenital issues, or exposure to toxic substances like chocolate, caffeine, or xylitol.

Head injuries can also trigger seizures due to resulting brain damage or trauma. Knowing these common causes allows you to take proactive steps to prevent seizures and seek timely veterinary care.

Immediate Actions During a Dog's Seizure

Remaining calm and acting quickly ensures your dog’s safety during a dog's seizures, and it’s probably one of the most important things to remember when dealing with these episodes. Move your dog away from dangerous areas like stairs or sharp objects. Remove breakable items and create a safe space to minimize hazards. Also, keeping a waterproof blanket around proves handy since involuntary movements can sometimes cause your dog to discharge.

Dogs do not swallow their tongues during seizures, so avoid placing anything in the dog’s mouth to prevent accidental bites and injuries. Stay calm and monitor the seizure’s duration and symptoms.

Providing a safe and controlled environment during a seizure can significantly reduce the risk of injury and help your dog recover more comfortably. These immediate actions help control seizures and ensure their well-being.

Diagnosing Seizures in Dogs

Diagnosing seizures in dogs requires a thorough veterinary examination, starting with a physical exam and detailed health history. Blood tests, urinalysis, and fecal exams help identify underlying health issues.

Based on initial findings, specialized tests, such as cerebrospinal fluid analysis or imaging techniques like MRI and CT scans, may be recommended. These tests can help pinpoint the cause of seizures and guide the development of an effective treatment plan. Monitoring postictal changes and keeping track of seizure details, such as duration and symptoms, can provide valuable information to your veterinarian.

Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effectively managing dog seizures. Collaborate closely with your veterinarian, providing detailed information to identify the cause and develop a tailored treatment plan.

Treatment Options for Dogs with Seizures

Treating dog seizures often involves anti-seizure medications like phenobarbital and potassium bromide, which may need lifelong administration. If ineffective, alternatives like zonisamide, levetiracetam, gabapentin, or pregabalin might be prescribed.

For dogs experiencing a grand mal seizure, medications like diazepam can be administered to reduce the duration and intensity of the episode. Levetiracetam is effective for preventing cluster seizures, and diazepam can be administered rectally to reduce seizure duration and intensity. Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, including herbal remedies and acupuncture, can enhance seizure control. For alternative therapies, it is recommended that you consult a TCVM specialist. Some studies have shown that cannabidiol (CBD) can help reduce the frequency of seizures in dogs with epilepsy.

Dietary adjustments, such as feeding dogs with medium-chain triglyceride diets, can also help reduce seizure frequency. A comprehensive treatment plan that includes medication, alternative therapies, and dietary changes can effectively manage seizures and improve your dog’s quality of life.

Managing Life with a Seizure-Prone Dog

Managing life with a seizure-prone dog requires patience, understanding, and careful attention to their needs. After a seizure, it’s essential to calmly reassure your dog with your voice and gentle touch, giving them the time they need to recover fully. Avoid rushing your dog to eat or drink immediately after the episode, as they may still be disoriented. It's also important to gently bathe your Companion if any discharge occurs and carefully check their body for any potential injuries.

Bathing your dog after a seizure can be an important step in their recovery, especially if there’s any discharge. Our Animals Matter® Organic Companion Shampoo & Conditioner is specifically formulated to be gentle on your dog’s skin while also effectively cleansing away any residue. Made with organic ingredients, this shampoo is designed to soothe and protect, helping to restore your dog’s coat to its natural softness without causing irritation. It’s ideal for maintaining cleanliness and comfort during these sensitive times.

 

Addressing any areas where your dog may have accidentally hurt themselves is crucial, in addition to a thorough bath if necessary. Our Animals Matter® Organic Vegan Paw Balm is perfect for soothing and protecting those vulnerable spots, offering healing and antibacterial properties with the inclusion of colloidal silver. Whether it’s minor cuts, red spots, or rashes caused by rough surfaces or the seizure itself, this balm helps restore moisture and softness to the skin, promoting healing while keeping your Companion comfortable.

When managing a seizure-prone dog, it’s important to be prepared for the possibility of multiple episodes occurring quickly. Protecting your Companion's resting area is crucial, and that’s why our Animals Matter® Rectangle, paired with the Waterproof lining, has become indispensable. The waterproof bed ensures that any accidents during a seizure don’t seep through, keeping your dog’s space clean and dry. Pairing this with our  Waterproof Blanket provides extra protection while offering your Companion comfort and warmth.

 

Creating a supportive environment for your seizure-prone dog is more than just a strategy—it's a commitment to their well-being and comfort. By implementing a thoughtful care protocol, you’re safeguarding your beloved companion and easing the challenges of managing their condition.

Preventing Seizures in Dogs

Preventing seizures in dogs involves proactive measures and regular veterinary care. Here are some key strategies:

1. Regular lab work during wellness appointments can detect potential health issues.

2. Up-to-date vaccinations reduce infection-related seizures.

3. Secure medications and keep your dog on a leash or in a fenced yard to prevent accidental ingestion of toxins and injuries.

Following these steps can help ensure your dog’s health and safety.

When to Seek Emergency Veterinary Care

Knowing when to seek emergency veterinary care is crucial for managing dog seizures. Seek immediate help if a seizure lasts more than five minutes or if there are three or more seizures within 24 hours. A first-time seizure also requires immediate veterinary evaluation.

Prolonged status epilepticus can lead to life-threatening elevated body temperature and requires emergency treatment. Quick action can prevent serious complications and ensure your dog’s safety.

Summary

Understanding and managing dog seizures is crucial for ensuring your pet’s well-being. Vital steps are recognizing the symptoms, knowing the common causes, and taking immediate action during a seizure. Accurate diagnosis and effective treatment options, including medications and alternative therapies, can help control seizures and improve your dog’s quality of life. 

Implement preventive measures and know when to seek emergency care to better support your seizure-prone dog. Stay vigilant, work closely with your veterinarian, and take proactive steps to manage and prevent seizures.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the common symptoms of a dog seizure?

Common symptoms of a dog seizure include jerking spasms, loss of consciousness, muscle spasms, and confusion afterward. If you observe these signs, it is crucial to seek veterinary assistance promptly.

What should I do if my dog has a seizure?

If your dog has a seizure, remain calm and move it away from danger. Avoid putting anything in its mouth. Monitor the duration and symptoms for veterinary consultation.

What causes seizures in dogs?

Several factors, including idiopathic epilepsy, metabolic disorders, brain tumors, infections, exposure to toxic substances, and head injuries, can cause seizures in dogs. It is essential to consult a veterinarian for diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

How are dog seizures diagnosed?

Dog seizures are diagnosed through a thorough physical examination, health history, blood tests, urinalysis, advanced imaging techniques like MRI or CT scans, and monitoring postictal changes. This comprehensive approach helps determine the underlying cause of the seizures.

What treatment options are available for dogs with seizures?

Anti-seizure medications such as phenobarbital and potassium bromide are key treatment options for dogs with seizures, alongside alternative medications, Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, and dietary adjustments. Consulting a veterinarian is crucial to determine the best approach for your dog's specific needs.